Nine Yin Manual

Nine Yin Manual (simplified: 九阴真经, traditional: 九阴真经, pinyin: Jiǔyīn Zhēnjīng, jyutping: gau2 jam1 zan1 ging1) was the most comprehensive martial arts treatise ever compiled in the jianghu, containing techniques to counter virtually every known fighting style along with profound methods for internal cultivation, healing, and combat applications.

Created by Huang Shang, a Song Dynasty scholar and official, the manual originated from Daoist principles of following nature’s way, driving out demons and evil to preserve life and nourish vitality. It became the most coveted martial arts text in the wulin, sparking conflicts that would shape the jianghu for generations.

Overview

The Nine Yin Manual represented the absolute pinnacle of Chinese martial arts knowledge, containing techniques that were described as “upright and magnificent, broad and profound”.¹ The manual was divided into two volumes: the first volume containing internal cultivation methods and foundational principles, and the second volume containing martial techniques and combat applications. This structure reflected the Daoist understanding that proper internal development must precede external mastery.

The manual originated from Daoist principles of following nature’s way, driving out demons and evil to preserve life and nourish vitality.² Unlike many martial arts texts that focused solely on combat effectiveness, the Nine Yin Manual integrated profound cultivation methods with traditional Chinese medicine theories, particularly those related to acupuncture points, meridian systems, and neili circulation.

Structure

The first volume focused on internal cultivation foundations, providing methods for developing profound neili and understanding the principles of qi circulation. These foundational techniques were essential for safely practicing the more advanced martial arts contained in the second volume. Without proper understanding of the first volume’s principles, practitioners risked qi deviation or misunderstanding the techniques’ true nature.

The second volume contained various martial art techniques which were different from each other, including combat applications, healing methods, and auxiliary skills. The manual included sophisticated methods for breaking the signature techniques of various schools and sects, along with mysterious and profound cultivation methods that incorporated advanced elements of traditional Chinese medicine.

Philosophical foundations

The manual’s philosophical basis in Daoist principles meant that it emphasized harmony with nature and spiritual cultivation alongside martial effectiveness. The techniques were designed not merely to defeat opponents, but to drive out evil and preserve life—reflecting the creator’s original intent to counter the techniques of those who had wronged him whilst maintaining moral principles.

This foundation also meant that the manual could be corrupted when practiced without proper understanding. Those who lacked the first volume or the philosophical grounding often misinterpreted the techniques, transforming righteous methods into sinister and dangerous arts.

History

Creation by Huang Shang

The Nine Yin Manual was created in 1164 by Huang Shang, a Song Dynasty scholar who had been commissioned by Emperor Huizong³ to compile the Wanshou Daozang,⁴ a comprehensive collection of Daoist texts. Through his intensive study of these texts, Huang Shang inadvertently mastered profound martial arts principles and became a self-taught martial arts expert.

Huang Shang’s martial arts journey began when he was ordered to suppress the Ming Order in 1120. After killing several of their martial artists, he found himself facing revenge from orthodox martial arts schools whose disciples he had also killed. Outnumbered and wounded, he barely escaped, but his enemies slaughtered his entire family.

Fleeing to a remote wilderness, Huang Shang spent decades studying the martial arts techniques of his enemies, analysing each move and developing counter-techniques. He eventually mastered methods to defeat all their styles and emerged from seclusion to seek revenge, only to discover that most of his enemies had already died of old age. Realising that his decades of research should not be lost, Huang Shang compiled his knowledge into the Nine Yin Manual, creating the most comprehensive collection of martial arts techniques ever assembled. He hid the manual in a secret location, where it would remain concealed for decades before being rediscovered.

First Huashan Sword Summit

When the legendary Nine Yin Manual appeared in the jianghu, it sparked fierce competition among various factions seeking its power. The five greatest masters of the age—Wang Chongyang, Huang Yaoshi, Ouyang Feng, Duan Zhixing, and Hong Qigong—agreed to resolve the matter through combat at Mount Hua,⁵ with the victor claiming both the manual and the title “Champion Under Heaven”.

The contest, known as the First Huashan Sword Summit, tested the participants’ prowess against each other. Wang Chongyang ultimately emerged victorious, earning both the manual and recognition as the strongest martial artist of his era. However, Wang Chongyang stored the manual without studying it, recognising the potential dangers of its power and choosing not to practice its techniques.

Wang Chongyang’s division of the manual

Before his death, Wang Chongyang’s final instructions were to separate the Nine Yin Manual into two volumes and hide them in different locations to prevent the complete text from falling into the wrong hands simultaneously. His shidi⁶ Zhou Botong the Old Wild Child was tasked with hiding the first volume safely before transporting the second volume to Yandang Mountain for concealment. Wang Chongyang also prohibited Quanzhen Order members from learning or practising any techniques contained within the manual.

Feng Heng’s memorisation

Whilst transporting the complete manual to its designated hiding place, Zhou Botong encountered Huang Yaoshi and his newlywed wife Feng Heng. The couple recognised the significance of what Zhou Botong carried and employed an elaborate deception. Through a rigged stone-throwing game, they convinced Zhou Botong to allow Feng Heng to examine the manual.

Using her eidetic memory, Feng Heng memorised the entire text after reading it once. The couple then convinced the naive Zhou Botong that the manual was counterfeit, likely switched by Ouyang Feng. To support this deception, Feng Heng claimed the text was merely a divination book she had read since childhood and proceeded to recite it word for word to the horrified Zhou Botong. Enraged at being supposedly fooled by Ouyang Feng, Zhou Botong tore the cover to shreds and was about to destroy the pages when he noticed Huang Yaoshi’s strange expression. Suspecting treachery, he stopped and retained the manual.

Feng Heng later transcribed the memorised contents, but exhausted herself in the process and died in childbirth delivering Huang Rong. Her transcription, however, was incomplete and lacked crucial passages, tormenting Huang Yaoshi’s perfectionist nature.

Theft by Chen Xuanfeng & Mei Chaofeng

Unable to openly express their love under Huang Yaoshi’s strict discipline, Mei Chaofeng and Chen Xuanfeng secretly married and planned to elope from Peach Blossom Island. Before their departure, Chen Xuanfeng stole the first volume of the Nine Yin Manual from their master’s collection, hoping to study its legendary martial arts.

The theft had devastating consequences for the entire Peach Blossom Island school. Huang Yaoshi, enraged by the betrayal, severed the leg tendons of the remaining four disciples and expelled them from the island. More tragically, Feng Heng’s death during childbirth was indirectly caused by her exhaustion from transcribing the manual.

After fleeing Peach Blossom Island, Mei Chaofeng and Chen Xuanfeng began practising the incomplete Nine Yin Manual. Without the foundational internal cultivation methods from the missing second volume and lacking understanding of Daoist principles, they misinterpreted the manual’s contents. To avoid qi deviation,⁷ they consumed small amounts of arsenic and expelled it through neili circulation—a dangerous practice that gradually corrupted their martial arts.

Their misunderstanding transformed the originally righteous Nine Yin techniques into sinister and deadly arts. Mei Chaofeng mastered the Nine Yin White Bone Claw and Heart-Crushing Palm, becoming feared throughout the jianghu. Chen Xuanfeng had the manual text tattooed on his chest, allowing him to practice the techniques without carrying the physical book. Together, they earned the terrifying title “Twin Killers of Dark Wind” for their ruthless methods.

Zhou Botong’s guardianship & imprisonment

After realising he had been deceived by Huang Yaoshi and Feng Heng, Zhou Botong went to Peach Blossom Island demanding an explanation, only to find Huang Yaoshi mourning his recently deceased wife. Zhou Botong’s tactless remarks about Huang Yaoshi’s loss—including his insensitive congratulations on his wife’s death—provoked a fierce battle, during which Huang Yaoshi broke Zhou Botong’s legs and demanded he surrender the complete manual to be cremated with his late wife.

Zhou Botong refused and was imprisoned on Peach Blossom Island for fifteen years. During this extended imprisonment, Zhou Botong thoroughly studied the manual’s profound teachings, but did nit practice the techniques himself due to Wang Chongyang prohibiting Quanzhen Order members from practising it.

Guo Jing’s learning & memorisation

A crucial chapter in Guo Jing’s development occurred when he visited Peach Blossom Island, home of Huang Yaoshi. There, he met Zhou Botong, and though initially antagonistic, they formed a strong bond and became sworn brothers despite their age difference.

Zhou Botong taught Guo Jing the Void Clarity Fist and introduced him to the Ambidextrous Self-Combat. More significantly, Zhou Botong tricked Guo Jing into memorising the entire Nine Yin Manual without revealing what the text actually was. Since Wang Chongyang had forbidden Quanzhen members from learning the manual, Zhou Botong found it permissible for an outsider like Guo Jing to study its contents, which would satisfy his own curiosity about the techniques whilst keeping within the bounds of his oath.

Through this process, Zhou Botong inadvertently taught Guo Jing the advanced martial arts contained within the manual whilst simultaneously learning them himself through repetition and instruction. Zhou Botong would pass on the essence of the Nine Yin Manual a little part at a time from his memory. He taught the theory but did not give any example on how to do it, letting Guo Jing ponder and find out on his own. Afterward he would test the newly learnt technique against his Quanzhen Order’s martial art.

Guo Jing remained completely unaware that he had learnt the Nine Yin Manual until later, when he realised that Mei Chaofeng also trained similar techniques. Zhou Botong explained that Mei Chaofeng did not know the upper volume, so she followed the instruction literally, missing the true meaning of the techniques.

Translation of Sanskrit general principles

To save Huang Rong’s life, Guo Jing sought out the Southern Emperor Duan Zhixing (later known as Great Master Yideng), one of the Five Greats renowned for his healing abilities. During this time, Great Master Yideng and his disciples helped translate the Sanskrit portions of the Nine Yin Manual, giving Guo Jing complete access to its profound teachings. The translation process was complex and required the combined knowledge of several masters, but the result was a comprehensive understanding of the manual’s contents that would prove invaluable in Guo Jing’s later development.

Great Master Yideng also inadvertently learnt portions of the manual while translating the Sanskrit general principles, and with the help of the healing methods recorded in the Nine Yin Manual, he quickly recovered his martial power after healing Huang Rong’s severe injuries.

Ouyang Feng’s corrupted practice

When Guo Jing and his companions left Peach Blossom Island, Ouyang Feng forced Guo Jing to write down the Nine Yin Manual by threatening their lives. Huang Rong’s clever deception proved more devastating than any physical defeat. By convincing Guo Jing to deliberately alter the Nine Yin Manual before giving it to Ouyang Feng, she ensured that his practice of the reversed techniques would lead to mental breakdown.

The corrupted manual’s methods, when combined with Ouyang Feng’s exceptional talent and determination, created an unprecedented martial phenomenon—reversed energy circulation that generated immense power whilst destroying rational thought.

His madness manifested as complete memory loss regarding his identity and past relationships. However, the reversed qi cultivation paradoxically enhanced his combat abilities beyond previous limitations, making him even more dangerous despite his mental condition. During the Second Huashan Sword Summit, the deranged Ouyang Feng demonstrated combat prowess that surpassed his original abilities, consecutively defeating Guo Jing, Huang Yaoshi, and Hong Qigong.

Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü’s discovery

While hiding in the stone coffins in the Ancient Tomb to escape Li Mochou, Yang Guo accidentally discovered Wang Chongyang’s carved portions of the Nine Yin Manual and a secret passage out of the tomb. This discovery allowed them to escape and continue their training in the back mountains of Zhongnan Mountains, where they perfected both the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra and the Nine Yin Manual techniques together.

The carved portions in the Ancient Tomb represented Wang Chongyang’s attempt to counter the techniques of Lin Chaoying, the founder of the Ancient Tomb School. These portions, though incomplete, provided Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü with access to some of the manual’s most powerful techniques.

Later fate

Before his death defending Xiangyang, Guo Jing preserved the complete manual of the Nine Yin Manual by hiding it on Peach Blossom Island, along with the Eighteen Palms of Dragon Subduing and the Book of Wumu. The map to these treasures was hidden within the Heavenly Jian and Dragon-Slaying Dao, ensuring that future generations would have access to both martial prowess and military strategy to overthrow the Mongols.

Zhou Zhiruo eventually recovered the manual, but as a female practitioner, she was unable to practice the Eighteen Palms of Dragon Subduing. However, she did learn techniques from the Nine Yin Manual, which she used during her time as abbess of the Emei Order. The Order’s possession of portions of the legendary Nine Yin Manual provided access to some of the most advanced martial arts techniques in the jianghu, though the Order’s Buddhist philosophical foundation created unique approaches to these potentially dangerous methods.

Notable practitioners

The Nine Yin Manual was studied and practised by numerous martial artists throughout the Condor Trilogy, though few achieved complete mastery. Practitioners are listed in approximate chronological order of learning:

Huang Shang

Huang Shang, the creator of the manual, was the first and most complete master of all its techniques. As a Song Dynasty scholar who compiled the Wanshou Daozang, he inadvertently mastered profound martial arts principles through intensive study of Daoist texts. His creation of the manual represented the culmination of decades of research into countering various martial arts styles.

Wang Chongyang

Wang Chongyang, winner of the First Huashan Sword Summit, obtained the manual but chose not to practice it, storing it instead. He recognised the potential dangers of its power and maintained his commitment to Quanzhen Order principles. Before his death, he divided the manual into two volumes and prohibited Quanzhen members from learning it.

Feng Heng

Feng Heng, Huang Yaoshi’s wife, memorised the entire manual using her eidetic memory after Zhou Botong allowed her to examine it. She later transcribed the contents but died from exhaustion during childbirth. Her transcription was incomplete, lacking crucial passages.

Chen Xuanfeng and Mei Chaofeng

Chen Xuanfeng and Mei Chaofeng, known as the Twin Killers of Dark Wind, stole the first volume from Huang Yaoshi and practised it without the second volume’s foundational methods. Their incomplete understanding and lack of Daoist principles led them to corrupt the techniques, creating sinister versions like the Nine Yin White Bone Claw and Heart-Crushing Palm. Chen Xuanfeng tattooed the manual on his chest, while both consumed arsenic to avoid qi deviation.

Zhou Botong

Zhou Botong, the Old Wild Child, was entrusted with safeguarding the manual by Wang Chongyang. Though initially forbidden from learning it, he studied it during his fifteen-year imprisonment on Peach Blossom Island. He later learnt it more completely through teaching Guo Jing, finding a clever loophole by teaching it to an outsider. His mastery, combined with his own innovations, elevated his martial arts to extraordinary levels.

Guo Jing

Guo Jing memorised the entire manual through Zhou Botong’s teaching, initially without realising what he was learning. After the Sanskrit portions were translated by Great Master Yideng and his disciples, Guo Jing gained complete access to the manual’s profound teachings. His mastery of the manual, combined with his existing training, made him one of the most powerful martial artists of his generation. He later preserved the complete manual by hiding it on Peach Blossom Island.

Huang Rong

Huang Rong learnt portions of the manual through Guo Jing’s sharing of its contents. The manual’s techniques formed the foundation of her neili cultivation, and its healing methods proved particularly valuable during the extended defence of Xiangyang. Her father’s teachings reached new levels of sophistication when combined with Nine Yin Manual principles.

Hong Qigong

Hong Qigong learnt advanced techniques from the manual, including the Sinew Shrinking Bone Technique, the Acupoint-Unsealing Secrets, and the Breath-Holding Secrets. Later integration of Nine Yin Manual techniques not only restored his neili but enhanced his understanding of advanced cultivation methods.

Great Master Yideng (Duan Zhixing)

Great Master Yideng (formerly Duan Zhixing) inadvertently learnt portions of the manual while translating the Sanskrit general principles with his disciples. With the help of the healing methods recorded in the manual, he quickly recovered his martial power after healing Huang Rong’s severe injuries using his One Yang Finger technique.

Ouyang Feng

Ouyang Feng, the Western Venom, practised a deliberately corrupted version of the manual that Guo Jing had altered before giving it to him. This corrupted practice led to reversed energy circulation, generating immense power whilst destroying his rational thought and causing complete memory loss. Despite his madness, his reversed techniques made him the supreme martial artist during the Second Mount Hua Summit.

Yang Guo

Yang Guo discovered portions of the manual carved by Wang Chongyang in the Ancient Tomb. These carved portions, though incomplete, provided access to some of the manual’s most powerful techniques, which he perfected together with the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra.

Xiaolongnü

Xiaolongnü learnt portions of the manual from Wang Chongyang’s carvings in the Ancient Tomb alongside Yang Guo. She perfected these techniques together with the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra during their training in the back mountains of Zhongnan Mountain.

Zhou Zhiruo

Zhou Zhiruo recovered the manual from Peach Blossom Island. As abbess of the Emei Order, she learnt techniques from the manual, though the Order’s Buddhist philosophical foundation created unique approaches to these methods, emphasizing their use for protection and enlightenment rather than domination.

Techniques contained

The Nine Yin Manual is organised into an upper volume dedicated to foundational cultivation and a lower volume focused on applied martial techniques. Canonical passages identify the following sections and skills:

Upper volume

North Dipper Grand Method (北斗大法 – Běidǒu Dàfǎ): Foundational method described as the root for all higher-level training; Guo Jing verified its principles by comparing them with the Quanzhen Heaven’s Gang North Dipper Formation.⁸
Tendon-Transmuting Bone-Tempering Chapter (昉筋锻骨章 – Yìjīn Duàngǔ Zhāng): Accelerates internal strength and external conditioning through a blend of meditative stillness and dynamic movement.⁹
Healing Chapter (疗伤篇 – Liáoshāng Piān): Concentrates on mending severe internal injuries and replenishing depleted vitality, reflecting the expectation that readers already possess advanced foundations.¹⁰
Acupoint-Sealing Chapter (点穴篇 – Diǎnxué Piān): Summarises the governing principles for striking meridians and sealing acupoints, without prescribing rigid routines.¹¹
General Principles (总纲): A Sanskrit transliteration appended to the upper volume; it refines yin-heavy Daoist approaches and teaches adepts to transform illusory distractions into spiritual insight.¹²
Acupoint-Unsealing Secrets (解穴秘诀 – Jiěxué Mìjué): Provides methods for releasing one’s own sealed meridians, allowing captives to free themselves.¹³
Breath-Holding Secrets (闭气秘诀 – Bìqì Mìjué): Enables extended breath control for underwater travel or resisting poison inhalation.¹³
Sinew-Contracting Bone-Shrinking Method (收筋缩骨法 – Shōujīn Suōgǔ Fǎ): Elevates a seemingly low-level escapist art into a profound technique for compressing the body and evading restraints.¹⁴

Lower volume

White Python Whip Technique (白蟒鞭法 – Báimǎng Biān Fǎ): Weapon method adapted by Mei Chaofeng and later Zhou Zhiruo for swift mastery.¹⁵
Nine Yin White Bone Claw (九阴白骨爪 – Jiǔyīn Báigǔ Zhuǎ): Ferocious claw form that can be learnt without deep internal foundations, though it was never Huang Shang’s intention.¹⁵
Heart-Crushing Palm (摧心掌 – Cuīxīn Zhǎng): Companion palm art to the White Bone Claw, pulverising internal organs whilst leaving bones intact.¹⁵
Golden Bell Cover (金钟罩 – Jīnzhōngzhào): Huang Shang refined his enemies’ horizontal hardening method, making the latter half exponentially more formidable than the original version.¹⁵
Greater Soul Transfer Technique (移魂大法 – Yíhún Dàfǎ): Hypnotic method capable of subduing formidable opponents whose resolve is unstable.¹⁶
Flying Cotton Force (飞絮劲 – Fēixù Jìn): Deflects overwhelming power by dissolving force into softness.¹⁷
Slithering Wildcat Tumble (蛇行狸翻 – Shéxíng Lífān): Agile tumbling skill enabling practitioners to weave through pursuit even while grounded.¹⁸
Hand Sweeping Five Strings (手挥五弦 – Shǒu Huī Wǔxián): Subtle technique that drains an opponent’s strength with a light touch.¹³
Great Demon-Taming Fist (大伏魔拳 – Dà Fúmó Quán): Robust fist sequence that tempers yin softness with decisive yang power.¹⁹

Behind the scenes

Historical inspiration

The character of Huang Shang is based on the historical Huang Shang, a Song Dynasty scholar who was indeed commissioned to compile the Wanshou Daozang. The historical Huang Shang was born in 1044 and served as prefect of Fuzhou by 1094. In 1111, at the age of 67, he was commissioned by Emperor Huizong to compile and oversee the printing of the Wanshou Daozang, a comprehensive collection of Daoist texts totalling 5,481 volumes.

Jin Yong’s fictionalisation of this historical figure creates a compelling origin story for one of the most important martial arts texts in his wuxia universe. The connection between Daoist textual study and martial arts mastery reflects traditional Chinese beliefs about the relationship between scholarly study, spiritual cultivation, and physical discipline.

Literary significance

The Nine Yin Manual serves as a central plot device throughout the Condor Trilogy, driving conflicts and character development across all three novels. Its comprehensive nature and mysterious origins create an object of desire that tests characters’ moral principles and reveals their true natures.

The manual’s dual structure—first volume for internal cultivation and second volume for techniques—reflects Jin Yong’s emphasis on the importance of proper foundations in martial arts training. Characters who practice the manual without understanding its philosophical basis often corrupt its techniques, serving as a warning about the dangers of pursuing power without wisdom.

Revisions

In the First Edition of The Legend of the Condor Heroes, the manual was attributed to Bodhidharma, whose “Nine Yin” compilation focused on combative forms whilst the paired Nine Yang Manual preserved internal cultivation methods. Jin Yong’s Second Edition recast the text as a Daoist work authored by Huang Shang, severing the explicit yin-yang pairing with the Nine Yang Manual and rooting the story in Song Dynasty scholarship.

The Third Edition later reintroduced a thematic connection: an unnamed monk who had studied the Nine Yin Manual at Wang Chongyang’s tomb composed the Nine Yang Manual to correct what he perceived as an excess of yin energy by blending Buddhist, Daoist, and Confucian insights.

Cultural impact

The Nine Yin Manual has become one of the most iconic elements of Jin Yong’s wuxia universe, referenced in numerous adaptations, video games, and other media. Its name and concept have entered popular culture as a symbol of ultimate martial arts knowledge and the pursuit of mastery.

The manual’s emphasis on Daoist principles and its comprehensive nature reflect traditional Chinese martial arts philosophy, where proper cultivation involves not just physical techniques but spiritual development and ethical understanding.

Translation notes

The manual’s name “九阴真经” (Jiǔyīn Zhēnjīng) translates literally as “Nine Yin True Sutra”. The term “九阴” (Nine Yin) refers to the concept of ultimate yin energy in Chinese philosophy, representing the most profound and refined form of yin force. “真经” (True Scripture) indicates its status as an authoritative and complete text.

The translation “Nine Yin Manual” emphasises its nature as a comprehensive guidebook, whilst maintaining the mystical quality suggested by the original Chinese. Alternative translations sometimes use “Nine Yin Sutra” or “Nine Yin Classic,” but “Manual” better reflects its practical instructional nature.

Follow the archive routes

Read: Continue with The Legend of the Condor Heroes or browse the translation archive.
Explore: Follow the Legend of the Condor Heroes martial arts pages and related Condor Trilogy reference material.
Understand: Start with wuxia and jianghu for the genre and martial-world context.
Watch: Follow wuxia adaptations for the screen route.
Write: Study story elements in wuxia fiction for craft grounded in the novels.

External links

Nine Yin Manual (Chinese) on Chinese Wikipedia
Nine Yin Manual (Chinese) on Baidu Baike

正大光明，博大精深 – zhèngdà guāngmíng, bódà jīngshēn. ↩
源自道家法天自然之旨，驱魔除邪是为葆生养命 – yuánzì dàojiā fǎtiān zìrán zhī zhǐ, qūmó chúxié shì wèi bǎoshēng yǎngmìng. ↩
宋徽宗 – Sòng Huīzōng. Emperor of the Song Dynasty from 1100 to 1126. See Wikipedia. ↩
万寿道藏 – Wànshoù Dàozàng. Another name for the Daozang, a large canon of Daoist writings. See Wikipedia. ↩
华山 – Huáshān. Literally splendid mountain. One of China’s Five Sacred Mountains. Western Great Mountain located in Huayin, Shaanxi Province. See Wikipedia. ↩
师弟 – shīdì. Male junior. Both apprenticed to the same shifu. Shī means teacher. Dì means younger brother. See Wuxia Wiki. ↩
走火入魔 – zǒuhuǒ rùmó. Literally fire deviation and demon entry. Daoist internal alchemy term to describe losing control (of the heating) leading to corruption. Dangerous condition where disrupted qi causes mental and/or physical collapse. Caused by flawed cultivation or emotional trauma. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 25. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 23. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 24. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 17. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 31. ↩
The Return of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 7. ↩ ↩² ↩³
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 27. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 10. ↩ ↩² ↩³ ↩⁴
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 28. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 38. ↩
The Legend of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 62. ↩
The Return of the Condor Heroes, Chapter 43. ↩