Xiaolongnü

Xiaolongnü (simplified: 小龙女, traditional: 小龍女, Jyutping: siu2 lung4 neoi5, pinyin: Xiǎolóngnǚ) was the third-generation leader of the Ancient Tomb School and both master and wife to Yang Guo. Known as the Little Dragon Maiden, she was renowned for her ethereal beauty and extraordinary martial arts skills. Her original name was never revealed, and she was generally referred to only as “Little Dragon Maiden.” Together with Yang Guo, they became known as the legendary Divine Condor Heroes (神雕侠侣).

Xiaolongnü was renowned for her ethereal beauty, extraordinary martial arts skills, and pure, otherworldly nature. Raised in isolation within the Ancient Tomb beneath Zhongnan Mountain, she possessed an innocent and detached personality that made her seem almost divine to those who encountered her.

Biography

Early life

Xiaolongnü was born during the Southern Song Dynasty period and abandoned as an infant outside Chongyang Palace on Zhongnan Mountain. Because she was a girl, the Quanzhen disciples could not take her in. A middle-aged woman, who was Lin Chaoying’s maidservant and the sole disciple of the Ancient Tomb School founder, took pity on the child and brought her to the Ancient Tomb.

The infant was found with a jade pendant bearing a dragon design, which led to her being called “Little Dragon Maiden.” She grew up in the tomb’s darkness, raised and trained by Lin Chaoying’s maidservant alongside Granny Sun. Due to growing up in the isolated tomb, she developed the ability to see clearly in darkness, moving as easily in the dark as others do in daylight.

Becoming the Tomb’s master

At age eighteen, Xiaolongnü inherited the leadership of the Ancient Tomb School after her master’s death. According to the school’s rules, the leader must vow never to leave the tomb unless a man who is unaware of this restriction is willing to die for her, thus allowing her to break the vow.

Her senior sister Li Mochou, jealous and resentful of being passed over for leadership, spread rumors that Xiaolongnü would hold a martial arts competition to choose a husband, drawing numerous martial artists to Zhongnan Mountain seeking to win her hand and the tomb’s treasures. When the martial artists arrived, Xiaolongnü used her jade bees to drive them away, demonstrating her mastery of bee control techniques.

Meeting Yang Guo and growing relationship

Xiaolongnü first encountered Yang Guo under specific circumstances. Yang Guo had injured a Quanzhen disciple during a martial arts competition and fled from Chongyang Palace in panic. He fell into a slope near the Ancient Tomb, where Granny Sun discovered him unconscious and poisoned by jade bees. Despite the school’s prohibition against men entering the tomb, Granny Sun took pity on the orphaned child and brought him inside.

When Granny Sun was killed by Hao Datong in a misunderstanding, she entrusted Yang Guo’s care to Xiaolongnü with her dying breath, asking her to fulfill the promise to “take care of Yang Guo for his entire life.”

Breaking centuries of tradition, Xiaolongnü accepted Yang Guo as the Ancient Tomb School’s first male disciple, teaching him the school’s martial arts and treating him with motherly care. She systematically taught him the Ancient Tomb School’s internal energy cultivation, boxing techniques, palm techniques, weapons, and hidden weapons.

Training in the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra

During their training in the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra, Xiaolongnü nearly died from qi deviation, which could have been fatal. At this critical moment, her senior sister Li Mochou returned to the Ancient Tomb seeking revenge and attacked both master and disciple. The two faced multiple life-or-death situations together, with Yang Guo choosing to protect Xiaolongnü even when it meant facing certain death from Li Mochou. This shared danger deepened their emotional bond beyond the master-student relationship.

When Li Mochou’s attack forced them to activate the tomb’s defensive mechanisms, Yang Guo’s willingness to die for Xiaolongnü broke the Ancient Tomb School’s centuries-old vow, allowing her to leave the tomb. This moment marked a turning point in their relationship, transforming their bond from master-student to something deeper.

Discovery of the Nine Yin Manual

While hiding in the stone coffins to escape Li Mochou, Yang Guo accidentally discovered Wang Chongyang’s carved portions of the Nine Yin Manual and a secret passage out of the Ancient Tomb. This discovery allowed them to escape and continue their training in the back mountains of Zhongnan Mountain, where they perfected both the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra and the Nine Yin Manual techniques together.

Return to the Ancient Tomb and healing

After their wedding, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü returned to the Ancient Tomb, where Xiaolongnü asked Yang Guo to retrieve Lin Chaoying’s wedding dowry. She dressed in the wedding clothes and phoenix crown, and Yang Guo began calling her “Long’er” (Dragon). While examining the dowry, Yang Guo discovered letters left by Wang Chongyang and realized that Ouyang Feng’s reverse meridian technique combined with the cold jade bed could heal Xiaolongnü’s injuries.

Yang Guo spent several days healing Xiaolongnü using this method. However, Li Mochou attacked again, seeking the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra. When she saw the couple healing, she struck with her Five Poison Divine Palm. Yang Guo intercepted the blow, using the force to help Xiaolongnü’s healing and break through major acupoints, healing most of her injuries but also poisoning himself with Li Mochou’s palm poison.

Yang Guo carried Xiaolongnü to Lin Chaoying’s coffin and used a ruse to trap Li Mochou in a stone coffin, then took Xiaolongnü to another coffin to help her expel the poison. However, Guo Fu and others arrived looking for Yang Guo, mistaking Li Mochou for their target. Guo Fu opened the coffin lid and shot ice soul silver needles inside, hitting both Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü, causing the poison to flow back into Xiaolongnü’s body and sealing her fate.

Sixteen-year separation

After leaving the Ancient Tomb, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü encountered heavy snow and took shelter in a wooden house. There they met Yideng Dashi and his disciple Cien, who identified themselves and explained Xiaolongnü’s condition. Yideng suggested that his junior brother, the Indian monk, could cure her poison, so the couple traveled to Passionless Valley with them.

At Passionless Valley, they encountered Cheng Ying and Lu Wushuang fighting Li Mochou. Yang Guo intervened to save them but was poisoned by qinghua flowers again. They met Huang Rong and others in the main hall, where Qiu Qianchi demanded that Yang Guo marry Gongsun Lü’e in exchange for the antidote, which Yang Guo refused.

Following Gongsun Lü’e’s secret guidance, they rescued the Indian monk, who had poisoned himself while preparing the antidote and was expected to wake up the next day. However, when Yang Guo returned, he found that Gongsun Zhi had stolen the antidote that Gongsun Lü’e had secretly obtained. Gongsun Lü’e was taken hostage, and in attempting to save Yang Guo, she threw herself onto his sword and died. Meanwhile, Yang Guo learned that the Indian monk had been killed by Li Mochou, leaving Xiaolongnü’s poison incurable.

After many twists and turns, Xiaolongnü managed to retrieve the antidote from Gongsun Zhi, but Yang Guo, unwilling to live alone, threw it away. When Huang Rong told Xiaolongnü that the broken intestine grass the Indian monk had been holding before his death could cure Yang Guo’s qinghua poison, Xiaolongnü decided to sacrifice herself to save Yang Guo.

That evening, while Yang Guo slept, Xiaolongnü went to the edge of the Heartbreak Cliff and carved the sixteen-year promise into the stone wall with her sword: “Sixteen years later, meet again here. Deep love between husband and wife, do not break the promise.” Then she jumped to her death.

Sixteen years later

In Southern Song Emperor Lizong Jingding Year 1 (1260 AD), when the sixteen-year promise was due, Yang Guo returned to Heartbreak Cliff. After the appointed time passed with no sign of Xiaolongnü, Yang Guo, in complete despair, jumped from the cliff, only to be reunited with Xiaolongnü at the bottom of the valley.

In the valley bottom, they discovered that Huang Rong and others had visited, leaving messages carved in stone. Learning that Guo Xiang had been kidnapped by Jinlun Guoshi, they used the rope Huang Rong had left to climb out of the deep valley.

Outside Xiangyang, Xiaolongnü assisted Yang Guo in reaching the burning platform where Yang Guo defeated Jinlun Guoshi and rescued Guo Xiang. Yang Guo then used flying stones to kill the Mongol emperor, relieving the siege of Xiangyang.

Later years

After the Third Mount Hua Discussion determined the new Five Greats, Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü retired from the martial arts world and returned to the Ancient Tomb to live in peaceful seclusion, becoming legendary figures known as the Divine Condor Heroes.

Personality and traits

Physical appearance

Xiaolongnü was described as possessing otherworldly beauty. She typically wore flowing white robes that made her appear as if shrouded in mist. Her skin was pale as snow, and apart from her black hair, everything about her was white. Her face was exquisitely beautiful but lacked the rosy complexion of ordinary people, giving her an ethereal, almost ghostly appearance.

Her beauty was said to be so extraordinary that people naturally thought of the phrase “beautiful as a celestial fairy” upon seeing her. She moved with an otherworldly grace that made her seem more like a spirit than a mortal woman.

Character traits

Having grown up in the isolated tomb, Xiaolongnü initially developed a cold and detached personality, as required by her training in the Jade Maiden Heart Sutra, which demanded the suppression of emotions. However, beneath this exterior, her true nature was pure, noble, and broad-minded. By the age of twenty, she had developed a philosophical acceptance of fate and an open, transparent character, able to comprehend deep spiritual principles.

Despite her ethereal appearance, Xiaolongnü had a lively and childlike spirit. She demonstrated remarkable inner strength and resilience, maintaining her composure and finding contentment in almost any situation. Even after being repeatedly harmed by others—including the Quanzhen Order, Gongsun Zhi, and Guo Fu—she consistently repaid evil with kindness, showing great tolerance and inclusiveness.

Values and principles

She was extremely loyal and devoted to those she cared about, willing to sacrifice everything for Yang Guo’s wellbeing. Her love was pure and unconditional, unmarred by jealousy or possessiveness. Jin Yong portrayed her as a woman embodying truth, goodness, and beauty.

Martial arts abilities

Internal energy cultivation

Jade Maiden Heart Sutra

The supreme internal energy cultivation method of the Ancient Tomb School, emphasizing lightness and specifically designed to counter Quanzhen techniques. This internal art formed the foundation of Xiaolongnü’s martial prowess.

Nine Yin Manual

Xiaolongnü discovered portions of this legendary manual carved by Wang Chongyang in the Ancient Tomb, which greatly advanced both her and Yang Guo’s martial arts abilities.

External combat techniques

Jade Maiden Swordplay

Elegant and flowing sword techniques characterized by their light and graceful movements, embodying the ethereal nature of the Ancient Tomb School’s martial philosophy.

Pure-hearted Jade Maiden Swordplay

The supreme dual-sword technique originally requiring two people using Jade Maiden Swordplay and Quanzhen Swordplay together. After learning Ambidextrous Self Combat from Zhou Botong, Xiaolongnü could perform this devastating technique alone, making her nearly invincible in combat.

Beauty Fist Technique

Each move imitates a famous historical beauty, with poetic names like “Red Jade Beats Drum,” “Green Pearl Falls from Tower,” “Chang’e Steals Elixir,” and “Xi Shi Holds Heart.” This technique achieves victory through elegance and grace rather than brute force.

Heavenly Net, Earthly Snare Technique

Eighty-one palm techniques that emphasize speed over internal power. When mastered, the practitioner can catch eighty-one sparrows without letting one escape, demonstrating the incredible precision and speed required.

Silver Chain Golden Bell Technique

A flexible weapon technique using golden bells and silver chains, with moves as sinuous as serpents and as round as desired. The bells create distracting sounds while the chains can bind or strike opponents.

Signature techniques

Bee Control Arts

Xiaolongnü’s most unique ability, allowing her to control jade bees and teach them precise formations. She could command bees to attack enemies in coordinated patterns, though wild bees lacked the precision of her specially trained jade bees from the Ancient Tomb. She used this technique to defeat Huodu, Daerba, and the martial artists who came to the Ancient Tomb, and taught Zhou Botong the bee control method.

Ambidextrous Self Combat

Learned from Zhou Botong, this technique allowed her to use different martial arts with each hand simultaneously. This enabled her to perform the Pure-hearted Jade Maiden Swordplay alone, a feat that normally required two people.

Musical Martial Arts Integration

Xiaolongnü could integrate music into her martial arts, using qin melodies to communicate and coordinate attacks. She could fuse musical rhythm into her Golden Bell Silver Chain techniques, creating a hypnotic and deadly combination.

Night Vision

Due to growing up in the darkness of the Ancient Tomb, Xiaolongnü developed the ability to see clearly in darkness, moving as easily in the dark as others do in daylight, turning corners and navigating rapidly without any light source.

Sparrow Catching Skill

A top-tier qinggong technique that allowed practitioners to catch sparrows with incredible precision and speed, demonstrating the high level of lightness skill required.

Weapons mastery

Golden Silk Gloves

Protective handwear that allowed Xiaolongnü to handle weapons and projectiles safely while maintaining her elegant appearance.

Golden Bells and Silver Chains

Flexible weapons used in conjunction with the Beauty Fist Technique, creating both offensive and defensive capabilities through their unique properties.

Lady Sword

One half of the legendary twin swords discovered in Passionless Valley, perfectly balanced and suited to the Jade Maiden Swordplay techniques.

Relationships

Yang Guo

Her beloved disciple who became her husband despite the unconventional nature of their master-student relationship. Their love story became one of the most celebrated romances in wuxia literature.

Yang Kang

Yang Guo’s father and her father-in-law, though she never met him as he died before Yang Guo’s birth. His notorious reputation initially cast suspicion on Yang Guo when he arrived at the Ancient Tomb.

Mu Nianci

Yang Guo’s mother and her mother-in-law, who died when Yang Guo was eleven, leaving him orphaned and eventually leading to his arrival at the Ancient Tomb.

Yellow-Dressed Woman

A mysterious descendant who appears in The Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre, suggesting that Xiaolongnü and Yang Guo’s lineage continued through the generations and maintained the Ancient Tomb School’s traditions.

Lin Chaoying’s maidservant

The unnamed second-generation leader of the Ancient Tomb School who found Xiaolongnü as an abandoned infant and raised her as both daughter and successor, teaching her all the school’s martial arts.

Lin Chaoying

The founder of the Ancient Tomb School and Xiaolongnü’s ancestral master. Though they never met, Lin Chaoying’s influence shaped every aspect of Xiaolongnü’s martial arts and philosophy.

Li Mochou

Her jealous and vengeful senior sister who spread rumors about Xiaolongnü holding a martial arts competition to choose a husband. Li Mochou’s resentment at being passed over for leadership created ongoing conflict between them.

Lu Wushuang and Hong Lingbo

Li Mochou’s disciples who were technically Xiaolongnü’s junior sisters in the Ancient Tomb School lineage, though they followed Li Mochou’s path rather than the orthodox teachings.

Granny Sun

Her loyal servant and companion who cared for both Xiaolongnü and Yang Guo. Granny Sun’s death while protecting Yang Guo from the Quanzhen Taoists was a pivotal moment that solidified Xiaolongnü’s commitment to caring for the boy.

Behind the scenes

Historical prototype

The data file mentions Wu Cheng Xiaolongnü (吴城小龙女) as a historical prototype - a famous female ghost from the Northern Song Dynasty who was originally a female Taoist priest. Born in what is now Nanchang, she wandered between Sichuan and Shu regions during her lifetime. After her death, she became known for subduing demons and monsters in the human world, making her a legendary figure in folk tales recorded in the Song History. Her literary works include Jiang Ting Yuan (also known as Jing Zhou Ting):

“The curtain rolls up the curved railing, I lean alone; the river spreads the evening clouds without end. Tears have never cleared, home is at the head of Wu and tail of Chu. Several falling flowers scatter randomly, startled sand gulls take flight. When the poetic lines are about to form, they disappear into the vast mist.”

Due to Huang Tingjian’s praise for her poetry, her works have been passed down through the ages (as seen in Ci Zong, Ci Pu, and Leng Zhai Ye Hua).

Poetry and cultural references

Xiaolongnü’s ethereal beauty inspired Qiu Chuji to compose the poem “Freedom from Worldly Thoughts” upon first seeing her, declaring “Never has the mortal world seen such a peerless beauty”:

Spring excursion vast and grand, year after year the Cold Food Festival, when pear blossoms bloom. White brocade without pattern, fragrance overflowing, jade trees and crystal buds piled like snow. In the quiet deep night, floating light misty, cold soaking the melting moon. Between heaven and earth, brilliant silver clouds illuminate all.

Like the true immortal of Gushe Mountain, heavenly beauty and spiritual elegance, with noble and pure spirit. Ten thousand stamens in varied arrangement, who would believe, they do not rank with common flowers. Vast energy clear and heroic, immortal talent outstanding, difficult to distinguish in this lower world. Returning to the Jade Terrace, in the cave heaven one sees perfect purity.

Jin Yong later modified this poem in the opening of The Heavenly Sword and Dragon Sabre to praise Xiaolongnü’s demeanour and character.

Portrayals

Xiaolongnü has been portrayed by numerous actresses across different media adaptations:

Television series

Films

1960 film – The Great Heroes – Nam Hung
1982 film – Yang Guo and Xiaolongnü – Weng Jingjing
1984 film – Divine Condor Hero – Yang Junjun
1992 film – 92 Divine Condor Heroes: Obsessed Love – Guan Zhilin
2025 film – The Return of the Condor Heroes: What is Love – Wang Zichun

Animation

2003 animation – The Return of the Condor Heroes – Lu Huiling (voice)


Ann Lee Tung Ming (1976)	Yung Jing Jing (1983)
Idy Chan (1983)	Angela Pan (1984)
Carman Lee (1995)	Jacklyn Wu (1998)
Fann Wong (1998)	Liu Yifei (2006)
Michelle Chen (2014)

External links

Xiaolongnü on English Wikipedia
Xiaolongnü (Chinese) on Chinese Wikipedia
Xiaolongnü (Chinese) on Baike Baidu